Describe The Math Concept Taught - 1248 Words

1) Maths (43.37 min.) Primary level - https://search-alexanderstreet-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:8888/ediv/view/work/1781821 a. Describe the math concept taught. The math concept that this lesson taught the students was geometry. The lesson featured a variety of shapes, including both 2D and 3D. For the majority of the students, the lesson even introduced right angles. b. What teaching strategies does the teacher use and how do those strategies change as they progress through the lesson? During this lesson, the teacher used a variety of strategies. First she started the lesson out as a whole group lesson and reviewed the concept of different shapes. This strategy changed during the lesson because the students worked in different smaller groups. Another strategy was that the teacher used probing questions in order to get the students to think on a deeper level. This strategy was seen throughout the whole lesson. The teachers’ questions were both open-ended and closed ended questions. She then provided numerous manipulatives for students to fully understand what concepts she was trying to convey, which could be seen throughout the lesson. Lastly, she provided the students time to think, also known as wait time. Again, this strategy was seen through the lesson. c. What tools do the teachers use to enhance math instruction? The teacher used different tools to enhance the math instruction that this lesson entailed. During the whole group discussion, she usedShow MoreRelatedA Resource Math Class At A Middle School For This Field Project897 Words   |  4 PagesI choose to do an onsite visit in a resource math class at a middle school for this field project. I was there from 9:30-1:00. The classroom I observed had 2-3 teachers in it at a time. One student teacher, one head teacher and sometimes a teacher that had to help a specific student would be in the classroom. There were about 15 students in the class at a time. Two of which had to have teachers who followed them to every class. I asked the head teacher how many of these students have a learningRead MoreReflective Paper1125 Words   |  5 Pages2 Math for Elementary Teachers II is the second part in a two part series. The mathematical concepts that were focused on throughout the second part of Math for Elementary Teachers were on measurement, geometry, probability, and data analysis. Just like part one of Math for Elementary Teachers, part two also address the relationship of the course concepts to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards for K-8 instruction. The first two weeks of this course, the main concepts thatRead MoreIpad Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesSMARTboards. As time progresses and the use of technology increases, teachers have found it very useful to implement the use of iPad apps to teach and reinforce lessons taught. Three apps that are influenced by the Common Core Standards are Alphabet Zoo, Splash Math, Grade 2 Math Common Core: Cool Kids’. These iPad apps focus on strategies, concepts and techniques to help build and prefect the students ability to read and problem solve. Alphabet Zoo The Alphabet Zoo is a very interactive app that focusRead MoreMath Certification Assignment . Overview. You Will Submit1606 Words   |  7 PagesMath Certification Assignment Overview You will submit a three week math unit plan and supporting assessments. Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to give you practice setting short term instructional goals using the principle of Backward Design, in order to sequence daily learning experiences that support students understanding of key mathematical concepts. Related NAEYC Professional Preparation Standards NAEYC Standard 5. Using Content Knowledge to Build Meaningful Curriculum StudentsRead MoreUsing The Template Below For Complete This Assignment974 Words   |  4 Pagesbiggining of their math lesson, she went over everything that the students had already learned and gave her students an overview of what they will learn in their lesson for that day. Set/Closure Describe the teacher’s â€Å"set† (the way he/she opened the lesson). How did he/she begin the lesson in order to gain student interest? Was it effective? Why or why not? How did the teacher close the lesson and summarize/solidify the important concept(s) for the students? The teacher begins her math lesson with allRead MoreSummary Of The By Scott Foresman Addison Wesley743 Words   |  3 PagesCharles, R. I. (2002). Math. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman Addison Wesley. This book is a teacher edition and it discusses how you can teach math lessons. This book is volume 1 and it has 6 chapters those include: Numbers to 12 and Graphing, Addition and Subtraction Readiness, Addition and Subtraction Concepts, Facts and Strategies to 12, Geometry and Fractions, and More Fact Strategies. This books provides examples of how you can incorporate technology and assess students. Contestable, J. W. (1995)Read MoreMathematics Is A Essential Component Of The Education System952 Words   |  4 Pagesof the education system. Children should not only learn to read fluently and comprehend books. Children should be taught to manipulate mathematical facts in a fluent manner as well as think critically about mathematics. For students to be able to compete in today’s and tomorrow’s economy, they need to be able to adapt the knowledge they are acquiring. They need to learn new concepts and skills to apply mathematical reasoning to problems (National Research Council, 2001). As students gain an understandingRead MoreWhy Mathematics Is Important For Teaching Mathematics782 Words   |  4 Pagestheir years of teaching. These finding are also relevant to how I felt about teaching math due to lack confidence in my teaching abilities of mathematical content knowledge. However, as I am reflecting on this past semester that I spent learning about math trajectori es as well as math content knowledge, I feel much more confident in exposing my students to math. I think that mathematics is not an easy concept to teach and it requires good strategies to be a successful teacher, but if we do not tryRead MoreThe Physics Of Mathematics And Mathematics Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction There are reasons to doubt the physical nature of reality, tenets taught by society through heredity and ones’ own consciousness, simply because of the fallacies and imperfections of the human condition. Thus, it is reasonable that any human thought can be questionable. However, Mathematics is not to be doubted. Although, limitations, paradoxes and problems exist in mathematics and is a product of human intelligence, Nevertheless, Mathematics is a continuum of understanding of the universeRead MoreTeaching Mathematical Problem Solving Math, Technology Education, And Special Education989 Words   |  4 PagesStudents in Math, Technology Education, and Special Education Classrooms.RMLE Online: Research in Middle Level Education, 27(1), 1-17. There were two instructional approaches, Enhanced Anchored Instruction (EAI) and text-based instruction (TBI), compared in this study. Both teaching methods were used to teach sixth-grade middle school students how to solve math problems in technology, special education classes and math classrooms.The purpose of this study was to compare the students math achieves

The Marketing Strategy Of Zara - 1394 Words

Marketing has become an essential part of companies operating in today’s business environment. The success of companies largely depends on its marketing strategies. It has thus become necessary for businesses to invest heavily in marketing to have chances of succeeding in the market. Zara, just like any other big business organization employs unique marketing model to help it achieve its targets. This paper examines the fashion marketing strategy and brand development strategies of Zara. Company Background Zara is a Spanish chain store of Inditex Group, one of the world’s biggest retail store in the world. Founded by Amancio Ortega in 1975 in Spain, where its still home of Zara’s headquarters today. Its strategic marketing model has helped†¦show more content†¦Targeted customer for Zara in Australia is more for working people and more fashionable. They maximise return business by having new ranges every few weeks rather than the standard two-range winter and summer collections. The marketing strategies of Zara take into consideration the tastes and preferences of its audiences in all the markets it is operating in. It takes feedback from every market and develops fashion products for each of the markets after considering the trends in each particular market. This is one of the major strengths of the company that has helped it stay competitive in the global fashion industry. Zara Case Study Report | Khoi Nguyen 4 Brand Development Strategies The strategic development of Zara has seen the company maintain a strong position in the fashion industry. Its determination to respond to the needs of the customers has been a major contribution towards the development of its brand. The company strives to satisfy customers’ needs through maintaining close relationships with them. Its practice of delivering new fashions in its stores twice a week has made it popular among many customers across the word. Customers in the fashion industry always want something new and trendy. The company is able to deliver just that within the shortest time possible. To help it address the specific needs of the customer, the designers of the company’s products and the customers are interlinked.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Strategies Of Zara From 4 Parts1899 Words   |  8 Pagessustainable competitive edge is explained as Marketing strategy.† The effective operation of marketing strategies can help enterprises pinpoint the direction o f sale and make a sale planning revolving around market strategies which play an important role in any companies. Fashion enterprises are no exception. Zara is one of the biggest international fashion companies and Inditex is her parent firm which is largest clothing retailer in the world. Nowadays, Zara already has more than 2000 stores in 88Read MoreMarketing Strategies Of Zara And H M Stores1751 Words   |  8 Pages A comparison of the Marketing Strategies of Two â€Å"Fast Fashion† retailers, ZARA and HM 1.Introduction ZARA is a Spain’s famous clothing and accessories brand and it is subordinate to the Inditex, which is one of the largest apparel retailer in the world. Inditex has nearly 2000 stores in the world. ZARA is one of the most popular brands of Inditex and is thought to be one of the most valuable brands in Europe. ZARA has stores in 57 countries. Although the number of ZARA’s chain stores only accountedRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Zara s Sector Of The Fast Fashion Industry1572 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Zara, a Spanish owned clothing organisation, is one of the world’s most successful clothing brands. It has utilized a unique and targeted marketing strategy to ensure it has consistently met business growth targets, and has attracted a wide range of consumers across its numerous stores worldwide. Zara was started by Amancio Ortea Gaona in 1963 and has since expanded to over 2000 stores worldwide. 2. Price determinates and Pricing Strategies This section will explore the priceRead MoreZara Is A High End Street Store1453 Words   |  6 PagesZara is a high-end street store offering the latest tastes in fashion for women, men, and children alike. Amancio Ortego, Zara’s founder, has made the store grow with rapid success in both its home country, Spain, and internationally. One of the distinct reasons why Zara is such a unique company compared to its competitors is its foundation of the quick response system. Today, Zara’s cycle time is six weeks, in which it responds to its customers’ demand very quickly, unlike most stores that takeRead MoreFast Fashion Industry: Growth of Zara and Inditex Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfast fashion approach is Zara (Hayes Jones, 2006). Zara is a child company of the parent company Inditex. Zara stores have established the stride for merchants around the globe in creating and shipping fashionable clothing (â€Å"Case 3-4. Continued Growth for Zara and Inditexâ⠂¬ , 2013). Their marketing approach has helped them become extremely successful in terms of providing the customer with. International marketing strategies and its efficiency assists in the expansion of Zara. Cultural understandingRead MoreZara - Marketing Research1034 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1 zara marketing research Zara is a spanish chain store in Inditex group, one of the worlds biggest retail store in the world who are also owners of zara home. Zara is a fast industry bt its unique business model is based on innovation and flexibilty. they design and distribute a garment to the market in just 15 days. they always have new products but in limited supply. the customer feels there is an exclusitivity , since only a few items are on display even though stores are plannedRead MoreZara Is A High Fashion Concept1396 Words   |  6 PagesZara is a high-fashion concept store offering apparel, footwear and accessories for women, men, and children, from newborns to adult age 45. Zara stores have two basic product lines: men’s clothing, women’s clothing and children’s clothing representing respectively 22%, 58% and 20% of sales. Each of these clothing lines consists 5- sub-categories which are lower garment, upper garment, shoes, cosmetics and complements ( Shankar, Verzosa and Mittias, 2009, para 10). It is possible see some examplesRead MoreZara E-Business672 Words   |  3 PagesBackground Zara, part of Spanish giant Inditex Group, provides clothing products to customers demanding fast fashion that looks like high fashion at lower prices. It has been considered as the most remarkable fast fashion company of the 21st century. In order to understand and analyze the dynamics of the sector and the current state of Zara, Porter’s Five Forces and SWOT analysis will be used. E-Marketing The key elements of Zara’s e-marketing strategy include social media, viral marketing, emailRead MoreZaras Case Study1373 Words   |  6 Pages1. What is Zara’s value Proposition? How does it differ from its Competitors? â€Å"Zara has pioneered leading-edge fashion clothes for budget minded young adults through a tightly integrated vertical structure that cuts delivery time between a garment’s design and retail delivery to under three weeks (against the industry norm of three to six months)† (Grant, 2010, p.212) According to Clayton Christensen in order to process you Value Proposition you must look at the following (Harvard BusinessRead MoreStrategy of Zara Burberry1298 Words   |  6 Pages| | | | [STRATEGY OF ZARA amp; BURBERRY] | | TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 STRATEGIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 CONCLUSION: COMPARISON ZARA VS BURBERRY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 REFERENCES.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction ABOUT ZARA†¦ Zara started operations in Spain in 1975, and now operates in 74 countries worldwide. Zara is one of the largest international fashion companies and it is owned by INDITEX, one of the world’s largest distribution

Research Methodology Methods and Techniques Free Essays

Research acts as a platform for all the statistical manipulations and filtration of data and interpreting the results thereof, solving the defined problem to be search upon. The role of measurement and statistics in social science research is treated sensitively and competently. The term Research basically refers to search of knowledge is widely used in the area of Academics and various Industries as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our brain starts working and we feel that it is something related to finding new areas, collecting all related information’s and preparing a consolidated report. As the management students we are expected to have good knowledge and practice of these topics. Hence before going into the technical knowledge of these topics let’s understand the basic meaning of the terms Research Methods. Research Methods includes the concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry is a collection of theories, concepts or ideas; comparative study of different approaches; and critique of the individual methods. Research methodology, as introduced in this book, is a means to understand the ways in which social science research produces multiple accounts of the world. Further, methodology specifies how the researcher may go about practically studying whatever he or she believes can be known. Regarding the organization, the study material consists of 8 chapters, well arranged in a coherent manner with an intention to serve as a study material for MBA  students. The different sections of this study material are:Introduction to Research Methods, which basically describes the role of Research, the steps in the process considered carrying out a research, the different types of  research and brief information about ethics of a good research. Research Problem and Research Design, describing the concept, purpose and importance of a research  problem, the steps involved in defining and selecting a research problem; meaning, need, features and elements of a Research Design and the various types. Methods  of Data Collection, giving out the introduction of two types of data-Primary and Secondary, their collection procedure and the different methods and techniques  used in their collection. Data Processing and Analysis develops the understanding of collection of data, its arrangement and analysis. Measurement  and Scaling Techniques describes various types of measurement scales with the important scale construction techniques. Sampling Design helps to understand the  concepts of sampling and types of Sampling. Testing of Hypothesis gives the detailed concept about developing a hypothesis, its testing using various tests and  concluding the final result. Report Writing briefs various points to be kept in mind while compiling a report. Introduction to Research Role of Research in Business Decision‘s  Ã‚  Research is a process of using the methods of science to the art of management for decision- making. Every organization operates under some degree of uncertainty.  This uncertainty cannot be eliminated completely, although it can be minimized with the help of research methods. Research is particularly important in the decision  making process of various business organizations. To choose the best line of action (in the light of growing competition and increasing uncertainty); it is very  important that one should be able to gather all the data, analyze it and reach to the appropriate decisions. Research in common context refers to a search for  knowledge. It can also be defined as scientific and systematic search for gaining information and knowledge on a specific topic or phenomena. In  management research is extensively used in various areas. Research provides a base for your business sound decision – making. There are three parts involved in any  of your systematic finding: Implicit question posed, explicit answer proposed and Collection, analysis, and interpretation of the information leading from the  question to answer Illustration. Research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; making  deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis?. Market Research has become an important part in management decision-making. Marketing research is a critical part of such a Market intelligence system; it  helps to improve management decision making by providing relevant, accurate, timely information. Every decision poses unique needs for information gathered  through marketing research. Thus, we can say that marketing research is the function that links the Consumer, Customer, and the public to the marketer  through information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; Generate, Refine, and evaluate marketing actions and monitor marketing  performance; improve understanding of marketing as a process.  1. Research Process  Ã‚  1. 2. 1. Selecting A Topic: Topic is related to the area of interest. Literature Search: A researcher should be aware of the current research in the related area and further scope of expansion.  Ã‚  1. 2. 3. Discussion with â€Å"Informants and Interested Parties† Sampling (described in Chapter VI) Formulating Your Hypothesis (described in Chapter VII) Questionnaire Design -Translating the broad objectives of the study into questions that will obtain the necessary information.  Ã‚  1. 2. 7. Fieldwork – Collection of data through questionnaire or interview  Ã‚  1. 2. 8. Data Processing – coding and inputting the responses  Ã‚  1. 2. . Statistical Analysis (hypotheses testing)  Ã‚  1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results  Ã‚  1. 2. 11. Writing up the Results- drawing conclusions / interpretations and relating the findings to other research. You will have been given separate notes on report  writing. Types of Research A research can be classified as follows Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Analytical Research Causal Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Conceptual Research Modeling Research1. Exploratory Research:  The Exploratory Research structures and identifies new problems; it is an initial research which is commonly unstructured, informal   research that is undertaken to gain background information about the general nature of the research problem, without having any specific end-objective. It is  usually conducted when the researcher does not know much about the problem and needs additional information or desires new or more recent information. A research  that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study.  Ex: – Literature Survey, Experience survey. Descriptive Research:  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚   Descriptive research is more rigid than exploratory research, this research carries out specific objectives and hence it results to a  definite conclusion. Descriptive research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how – but not why. For example, it describes  users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product or describes the happening of a certain  6  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  phenomenon. As opposed to exploratory research, if you are doing descriptive research you should define questions, people surveyed, and the method of analysis prior  to beginning data collection. Analytical research:  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This type of research is used where information is already available, and analyzes these to make a critical evaluation of the material.  Analytical research takes descriptive research one stage further by seeking to explain the reasons  behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships. Once causal relationships have been discovered, the search then shifts to factors that can be  changed (variables) in order to influence the chain of causality. Typical questions in analytical research are: What factors might account for the high drop-out  rate on a particular degree programme? Typical methods used in analytical research include: Causal Research: – Casual Research seeks to find cause and affect relationships between variables. It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field  experiments. Quantitative Research: – This research answers the questions about data that can be measured in terms of quantity or amount. It is applicable to  phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative Research: – This research involves analysis of data such as words (e. g. , from interviews), pictures (e. g. , video), or objects (e. g. , an  artifact). Answer questions about nature of phenomena in order to describe phenomena and understand it from the participant‘s point of view.1. 3. 7 Conceptual Research: – This type of research is related to some ideas or theory and generally used by philosopher. Modelling Research: – This type of research is related to business situation where business situation is formulated into different types of model.Ex:-Mathematical model, simulation models1. Criteria of good research One thing that is important is the research work and the studies meet on the common ground of the scientific method. One expects scientific research to satisfy the  following criteria.  1. The purpose of research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used.7  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  2. The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.  3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that are as objective as possible.  4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural designs and estimate their effects upon the findings.  5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate.  6. Conclusion should be considered to those justified by the data of the research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis.  7. Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good reputation in research.  Ã‚  In other words we can state the qualities of a good research as under: Good research is systematic: it means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specific sequence in accordance with well defined set of  rules. Good research is logical: this implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning and logical process of induction and deduction are of great  value in carrying out research. Good research is empirical: it implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a  basis for external validity to research results. Good research is replicable: this characteristic allows research results to be verified by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for  decisions. Ethics of Research As a profound social activity, research connects us to those who will use it, to those whose research we used, through them, to the research that our sources used;  Hence beyond technique, we need to think about ethics of civil communication. In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of  moral and immoral choices; Research challenges us to define individual moral principles; Academic researchers are less tempted to sacrifice principle for a  gain than commercial researchers. Plagiarism, claiming credit for results of others, misreport sources or invent results, data with questionable accuracy, destroy  or conceal sources and data important for those who follow beyond simple moral. Do not to what we should affirmatively do, i. e. concern for the integrity of the  work of the community combined with narrow moral standards with the larger ethical dimension. Research done in the best interests of others is also in your own. 8  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  End Chapter quizzes: 1. Research, in management, forms a base for a) Gathering knowledge  b) Interpretation of information  c) Business decision-making d) Reaching to conclusions 2. In research process, what is the next step after Defining the problem definition? a) Determine the Sampling design b) Review of Literature  c) Hypotheses Testing  d) Data interpretation and analysis 3. A research that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study, is  known as:   a) Exploratory Researchb) Analytical Research  c) Quantitative Research d) Descriptive Research 4. Observations, case studies and surveys are methods which are implemented under:   a) Quantitative Research b) Analytical Research  c) Conceptual Research d) Exploratory Research 5.Mathematical and simulation models are examples of:   a) Descriptive Research b) Conceptual Research c) Qualitative research  d) Modeling Research 6. Which statement, out of the following, doesn‘t cater to the Research Ethics?   a) Concern for the integrity of the work b) Define individual moral principles  c) Plagiarism  d) Work community with moral standards 7.Research, seeking to explain the reasons behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships, can be defined as:   a) Causal Research   b) Modeling Research c) Qualitative Research d) Analytical Research 8. A descriptive research describes the users of a product, determines the proportion of the population that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree 9. Quantitative Research does not deal in: a) Figures b) Amount c) Relationships d) Quantities 10. Complete the statement: In addition to construction of bonds within any community, ethics deal with a range of a) Sacrifice people for a gain b) Claiming credit for results of others c) Moral and immoral choices d) Concealing objections that cannot be rebutted 1 Research Problem and Research Design Contents: 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 What is a Research Problem? 2. 3 How to Select the Problem 2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) 2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem 2. 3. 3 Steps Involved In Defining A Problem 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design 2. 6 Different Research Designs 2. 6. 1 Research Design in case of Exploratory Research 2. 6. Research Design in case of Descriptive Research 2. 6. 2. 1 Longitudinal Studies 2. 6. 2. 2 Cross-sectional Studies 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research 11Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  2. 1 Introduction  Ã‚  Research forms a cycle. It starts with a problem and ends with a solution to the problem. The problem statement is therefore the axis which the whole research  revolves around, because it explains in short the aim of the research.  Ã‚  2. 2 What is a Research Problem?  Ã‚  A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease. In other words, it refers to some difficulty which a  researcher experiences in context of a situation and wants to obtain the solution for the same. It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context  involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation. There are many problem situations that may give rise to research. Three sources  usually contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem supply. A second source could be scientific  literature. You may read about certain findings and notice that a certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research problem. Theories could be a third  source. Shortcomings in theories could be researched.  Ã‚  2. How to Select the Problem  Ã‚  The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research (problem identification). The question that he/she should ask is: Are there  questions about this problem to which answers have not been found up to the present? Research originates from a need that arises. A clear distinction between the  PROBLEM and the PURPOSE should be made. The problem is the aspect the researcher worries about, thinks about, and wants to find a solution for. The purpose is to  solve the problem, i. e. , find answers to the question(s). If there is no clear problem formulation, the purpose and methods are meaningless.  Ã‚  Keep the following in mind:[pic] Outline the general context of the problem area.  [pic] Highlight key theories, concepts and ideas current in this area.  [pic] What appear to be some of the underlying assumptions of this area? pic] Why are these issues identified important?  [pic] What needs to be solved?  [pic] Read the subject to get to know the background and to identify unanswered questions or controversies, and/or to identify the most significant issues for  further exploration. The research problem should be stated in such a way that it would lead to analytical thinking on the part of the researcher with the aim of possible concluding  solutions to the stated problem. Research problems can be stated in the form of either questions or statements.12  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  [pic] The research problem should always be formulated grammatically correct and as completely as possible. You should bear in mind the wording (expressions) you  use. Avoid meaningless words. There should be no doubt in the mind of the reader what your intentions are.[pic] Demarcating the research field into manageable parts by dividing the main problem into sub- problems is of the utmost importance.   Sub-problem(S) Sub-problems are problems related to the main problem identified. Sub problems flow from the main problem and make up the main problem. It is the means to reach the  set goal in a manageable way and contribute to solving the problem. Statement of the Problem The statement of the problem involves the demarcation and formulation of the problem, i. e. , the WHO/ WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY. It usually includes the  statement of the hypothesis. Steps involved in defining a Problem Statement of a problem should be given in broad general way: For example in case of a social research it is advisable to perform some field operations, collect  the survey, study it, and then phrase the problem in operational terms. Understanding the origin and the nature of the problem clearly: It is essential to know the point of origin of the problem and discuss the problem with those who  has a better knowledge of the concerned area. Survey all the literature available and examine them before defining a research problem. Finally rephrase the research problem in to a walking proposition. Checklist for Testing the Feasibility of the Research Problem YES   NO Is the problem of current interest? Will the research results have social, educational or scientific value? Will it be possible to apply the results in practice? Does the research contribute to the science of education? Will the research opt new problems and lead to further research? Is the research problem important? Will you be proud of the result? Is there enough scope left within the area of research (field of research)? Can you find an answer to the problem through research? Will you be able to handle the research problem? Will it be practically possible to undertake the research? Is the research free of any ethical problems and limitations? Will it have any value? Do you have the necessary knowledge and skills to do the research? Are you qualified to undertake the research? Is the problem important to you and are you motivated to undertake the research? Is the research viable in your situation? Do you have enough time and energy to complete the project?1 Do you have the necessary funds for the research? Will you be able to complete the project within the time available? Do you have access to the administrative, statistic and computer facilities the research necessitates? 16  Ã‚  TOTAL: 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design A research design is the plan or strategy, which helps in arranging the resources required for research purpose. It acts as a path or blueprint for the researcher. In other words, it is the advanced planning of the steps to be adapted for collection of relevant data and techniques to be used in their analysis keeping different time and budget constraint in mind. Along with the population to be surveyed, size of sample, tools for analyzing data, interpretation of data, it also includes the budget and the time constraints too. 14Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  The Design decision is in respect to following terms: What is the study about?  Why to study a particular topic? Where the study will be conducted? Techniques to collect the relevant data? What will be the sample design?  How will the data be analyzed? What is the time required? What is the allocated Budget?  Need for Research Design: It helps for a smooth running of various research operations thereby making the research efficient, gaining maximum information with the  minimum expenditure of time, effort, and money.  Ã‚  The Research Design is divided into following parts:-  Ã‚  Research Design  Ã‚  Operational Design  Sampling Design  Ã‚  Observational Design  Statistical Design  (Sub-divisions of a Research Design)  Ã‚  Sampling Design: It deals with method of selection of samples to be collected /observed for a given study.  Ã‚  Observational Design: It deals with the constraints and exceptions under which the observations are to be made.  Ã‚  Statistical Design: It deals with the editing, coding and analysis of the data gathered.  Ã‚  Operational Design: It deals with the techniques by which the procedures specified in the above designs can be carried out. 15  Market Research   ADL-10  Features of a Good Design  Ã‚  It should define the objective of problem to be studied  It should minimize the biasness and maximize the reliability of data  It should give smallest experimental error  It should be flexible enough to permit the consideration of many different aspects of a phenomenon.Elements of a Research Design:  Ã‚  The important elements of a research design are:  [pic] Introduction: The Research proposal should define the research problem and the researcher‘s  precise interest in studying it. In other words it deals with the scope of study.  Ã‚  [pic] Statement of the problem: It includes the formulation of problem which actually explains the objective of research.[pic] Literature Review: It includes a review of different literatures and articles related to objective  of study. It is performed to get all the information‘s and researches done on the topic earlier.  [pic] Scope of Study: A complete study of any problem is difficult to study as it would entail an overwhelming amount of data. Therefore, the scope and dimensions  of the study should be delimited with reference to its depth, length, and geographical area to be covered, reference period, respondents to be studied and many other  different issues. We should consider the time frames decided for the study and should finish it within the same tome slot.[pic] Objective of Study: The questions to which the researcher proposes to seek answers through the study, comes under objectives. It should be stated clearly. For example: I.To study the nature of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ II. To investigate the impact of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. III. To examine the nature of relation between †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IV. To identify the causes of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The objective statements should not be vague like ? to explore unemployment in India?[pic] Conceptual Model: After completing the above steps the researcher formulates and develops the structure of relationships among the variables under  investigation.  Ã‚  [pic] Hypotheses: A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. They refer to different possible outcomes.  Ã‚  16  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  [pic] Operational definition of concepts: It involves the different techniques used in exploratory and descriptive research in operational terms.  [pic] Significance of study: It is a careful statement of the value of the study and the possible applications of its findings which helps to justify purpose of  study, its importance and social relevance.  Ã‚  [pic] Geographical area to be covered: The territorial area to be covered depends on the purpose, nature of study and availability of resources. It should  be decided and specified in the research plan.  [pic] Reference Period: This refers to the time period of which the data is analyzed. Also it depends on the availability of data.  Ã‚  [pic] Sampling Plan: It is the study that requires collection of data from the fields, then we should decide the population to be selected for study and the  sampling design.  Ã‚  [pic] Tools for Gathering data: Personal and Telephonic Interviews, Questionnaire, checklist are different tools for data collection.[pic] Plan of Analysis: This includes the statistical techniques used for editing, coding and analysis of data.  Ã‚  [pic] Chapter Scheme: The chapter scheme of report or dissertation should be prepared to give the outlines and the studies of the research conducted.  Ã‚  [pic] Time Budget: The time period of research should be decided in advance and the research work should not exceed the time limits. This leads to loss of  resources and extra cost is involved.  [pic] Financial Budget: The cost of the project includes major categories like salary, printing, stationery, postage, travel expenses etc. 2. 6 Different Research Designs:2. 6. Research Design in case of Exploratory Research: -It is also termed as Formulative Research Studies. In this case we do not have enough understanding of the  problem. Its main purpose is more precise investigation about the objective of study. It is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems  they will meet during the study. Through this the researcher develops more clear concepts, establishes priorities, develop operational definitions also. This means  that a general study will be conducted without having any end-objective except to establish as many relationships as possible between the variables of study. The  Research Design in such studies must have inbuilt flexibility because the research problem broadly defined initially, is transformed into one with more  precise meaning. This type of research lay the foundation for formulation of different hypotheses of research problems. It involves the study of  17  Ã‚  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  secondary data. It rarely involves structured questionnaire, large samples and probability sampling plans. Different types of Exploratory Research  [pic] Literature Survey: It is a study involving a collection of literatures in the selected area in which the researcher has limited experience, and critical  examination and comparison of them to have better understanding. It helps in updating the past data related to the topic of research. It also helps in  formulation of relevant hypothesis if it is not formed.[pic] Experience Survey: It is a survey of experiences of experts/specialists related to the field of research which acts as a database for future research. This  helps in generating ideas with minimum data collection. The decision making in the probabilistic situations is a complex process therefore the study of the  experiences of the executives/researchers can be carried out using experience survey. Bidding of Tenders, Technology forecasting, Manpower and Materials planning,  Production Scheduling, Portfolio Decisions etc. are examples of experience survey.2. 6. 2 Research Design in case of Descriptive Research : – It is carried out with specific objectives and hence a definite end-result. It is structured  research with clearly stated hypothesis or investigative questions. It deals with describing the characteristics associated with the population chosen for  research, Estimates of the proportions of a population that have these characteristics and discovery of relationship among several variables. It is based on large  representative samples. The design in such studies must be rigid and focus attention on the following:  What is the study about and why is it done? Designing methods of data collection. Selecting the sample.  Processing and analysis of data.  Interpretations of Results. Budget and Time Constraints.  Ã‚  For example: to describe characteristics of consumers, sales people, market areas or organizations. Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal studies are time series analyses that make repeated measurements of the same individuals, thus allowing you to monitor behavior such as  brand switching. However, longitudinal studies are not necessarily representative since many people may refuse to participate because of the commitment required. Market ResearchADL-10 cross-sectional analysis is a cohort analysis, which tracks an aggregate of individuals who experience the same event Cross-sectional Studies Cross-sectional studies sample the population to make measurements at a specific point in time. A special type of within the same time interval over time. You can use Cohort analyses for long forecasting of product demand. 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Research: -When it is necessary to determine that one variable determines values of other variables, causal research design is used. Thus the relationship between different variables is established. It is a research design in which the major emphasis is on determining a cause-and-effect relationship. When we start the research work it is not necessary that only one type of research is used, we can use a combination of two or all the three types of research. Also research is an unending process, so there may be a clue left, which can initiate a research objective for other researchers. 19  Market Research   ADL-10  Ã‚  End Chapter Quizzes 1. For an appropriate research, there should be a clear distinction between a. Methods and Tools  b. Purpose and Techniques  c. Problem and Methods for implementation d. Problem and Purpose ** 2. Which one of the following does not state the components of a research problem? a. An individual or group having some difficulty  b. There shouldn‘t be any doubt in the mind of researcher with regard to selection of  alternatives**  c. There must be some environment to which the difficulty pertains d. There must be some objectives to be attain How to cite Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Essay examples

Introduction to Accounting Observe Ethical and Technical

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Accounting for Observe Ethical and Technical. Answer: 1. Total amount of assets belonging to Tiny Tots Current assets $ Cash 1500 Prepaid rent 1000 Total 2500 Non-current liabilities Equipment 10000 Total 12500 Total Amount of liabilities Current liabilities $ Wages payable 2500 Accounts payable 4500 Non current liabilities Notes payable 1000 TOTAL 8000 C) Using the accounting equation, what is the amount of Owners Equity reported on Tiny Tots balance sheet Accounting equation states that Assets= liabilities + owners equity Assets= $12500 Liabilities=$8000 Owners Equity= 12500-8000= $4500 d)How much net profit did Tiny Tots have for the year tiny Tots Ltd Net profits for the year Revenues $4000 Less: Expenses $2000 Net Profit $2000 2. Plata Ltd Balance Sheet statement As At 30th June Current Assets $ Cash 131950 Receivable 70300 inventories 13026 Prepaid insurance 1500 Non Current Assets Plant and Equipment 183000 Intangible Assets Intangible 8750 Total Assets 408526 Financed By: CAPITAL 198626 Retained Profits 44950 LIABILITIES Current liabilities Accounts payable 8500 Salaries payable 1450 30% interest bearing 46500 Non Current Liabilities Long term liabilities 108500 Total Liabilities and Capital 408526 3. To: John Minor From: Frank Grey (CPA) Subject how ethics impact a CPA (Certified Practising Accountant The accountants boards all over the world are responsible for the development of accounting ethical values. These regulatory bodies requires practising accountants to act responsibly when serving the public. Accountants should act responsibly when reviewing sensitive financial information and also when engaging in any accounting services(Clarke, 2005). Sound Moral judgement should be exercised by a practising accountant in all their activities. While providing clients with professional services, accountants are expected to present accurate and truthful assessment of the company and its financial health to the public(Duska Duska, 2003). In accounting profession, integrity is a fundamental element. This requires accountants to be forthright, honest and candid with a client with regards to financial information. Accountants are required to restrict themselves from personal gain and the urge of taking advantage of confidential information. Integrity allows clients to get good information from the accountant. There are instances where differences of opinion or errors regarding applicability of laws in accounting, integrity enables accountants to avoid manipulating financial information and intentionally deceiving clients (Jeffrey, 2005). Ethics ensure accountants act in a consistent and professional manner. In the absence of standards, it is required that accountants should act in accordance to commonly accepted principles. Independence and objectivity are critical ethical values in accounting profession. When conducting business and offering services, accountants should remain free from conflict of interest and business relationships that are questionable (Jeffrey, 2008). Objectivity and independence ensures that an accountant provides information about a company that is factual and honest (Marriott, Edwards, Mellett, 2002). For accountants who perform more than one function for a single client, for example auditing, management advisory and tax services, they may compromise their independence and objectivity. Because an accountant may be reviewing their own work when auditing the same work hence objectivity and independence is vital for an accountant. Due care is an ethical value requiring an accountant to observe ethical and technical accounting standards set in the profession. In this case, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are used by the accountant (Professional ethics in accounting and finance, 2010). Due care requires professional accountants like us to exercise diligence, competence and a proper understanding of the financial information. Competence is based on experience and education, hence, due care requires experienced accountants to direct other accountants who have less experience in the profession. References Clarke, E. (2005).Accounting. South Melbourne, Vic.: Thomson. Duska, R. Duska, B. (2003).Accounting ethics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Jeffrey, C. (2005).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Jeffrey, C. (2008).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Bingley: Elsevier JAI. Marriott, P., Edwards, J., Mellett, H. (2002).Introduction to accounting. London: SAGE. Professional ethics in accounting and finance. (2010). London.